When you cite someone else's work in your research, you need to give credit in two ways: within your paper and at the end of your paper.

1. Within your paper:

• A short citation or a footnote number immediately following the section where you discuss the idea.
  
  

  Short citation example:
  Armstrong says that "Antebellum nonChristian songs became the postemancipation blues" (2002, p.185).

   

  Footnote number example:
  Armstrong suggests that the African-American secular music of the pre-Civil War era developed into the musical form known as the blues.¹

2. At the end of your paper:

• A complete citation in a footnote or in a list of references at the end of your paper or presentation.
  
  
  Armstrong, Edward G. (2002). Devil music and gangsta rap: A comparison of sexual violence in blues and rap lyrics. Arkansas Review: A Journal of Delta Studies, 33 (3), 182-193. Retrieved February 18, 2004 from the Academic Search Premier database.